As shown in the figure,a potentiometer wire of resistance $20\,\Omega$ and length $300\,cm$ is connected with a resistance box ($R$.$B$.) and a standard cell of emf $4\,V$. For a resistance '$R$' of the resistance box introduced into the circuit,the null point for a cell of $20\,mV$ is found to be $60\,cm$. The value of '$R$' is $.....\Omega$

The figure shows a potentiometer with a cell of $2.0 \; V$ and internal resistance $0.40 \; \Omega$ maintaining a potential drop across the resistor wire $AB$. $A$ standard cell which maintains a constant $emf$ of $1.02 \; V$ (for very moderate currents up to a few $mA$) gives a balance point at $67.3 \; cm$ length of the wire. To ensure very low currents are drawn from the standard cell,a very high resistance of $600 \; k \Omega$ is put in series with it,which is shorted close to the balance point. The standard cell is then replaced by a cell of unknown $emf$ $\varepsilon$ and the balance point found similarly,turns out to be at $82.3 \; cm$ length of the wire.
$(a)$ What is the value of $\varepsilon ?$
$(b)$ What purpose does the high resistance of $600 \; k \Omega$ have?
$(c)$ Is the balance point affected by this high resistance?
$(d)$ Would the method work in the above situation if the driver cell of the potentiometer had an $emf$ of $1.0 \; V$ instead of $2.0 \; V ?$
$(e)$ Would the circuit work well for determining an extremely small $emf$,say of the order of a few $mV$ (such as the typical $emf$ of a thermocouple)? If not,how will you modify the circuit?

The current in the primary circuit of a potentiometer is $0.2 \, A$. The specific resistance and cross-section of the potentiometer wire are $4 \times 10^{-7} \, \Omega \cdot m$ and $8 \times 10^{-7} \, m^2$ respectively. The potential gradient will be equal to .............. $V/m$.

For comparing the $e.m.f.$'s of two cells with a potentiometer,a standard cell is used to develop a potential gradient along the wires. Which of the following possibilities would make the experiment unsuccessful?

In a potentiometer arrangement,a cell gives a balancing point at $75 \, cm$ length of wire. This cell is now replaced by another cell of unknown emf. If the ratio of the emf's of two cells respectively is $3:2$,the difference in the balancing length of the potentiometer wire in above two cases will be ......... $cm$.

If the length of a potentiometer wire is increased,then the length of the previously obtained balance point will