Assign the structure of the major product $(X)$ of the reaction given below:
$C_6H_5-CH(OH)-COOH$ $\xrightarrow{CH_3CH_2OH, HCl(g), \Delta}$ $\xrightarrow{SOCl_2, \Delta} (X)$

Identify $X$ and $Y$ in the following reactions:

The reagent used for converting ethanoic acid to ethanol is

Ethanoic acid undergoes Hell-Volhard Zelinsky reaction but methanoic acid does not,because of

In the following sequence of reactions,$CH_3-Br$ $\xrightarrow{KCN} A$ $\xrightarrow{H_3O^{+}} B$ $\xrightarrow[ether]{LiAlH_4} C$,the end product $(C)$ is:

When carboxylic acid reacts with organolithium reagents to give ketones,side reactions sometimes occur. For example,
$HOCH_2CH_2CH(CH_3)CH_2CH_2COOH$ $\xrightarrow[(x) \, CH_3Li]{tetrahydro\,furan}$ $\xrightarrow[NH_4Cl]{H_2O}$ $\underset{63\%}{\text{Compound } A: HOCH_2CH_2CH(CH_3)CH_2CH_2COCH_3}$ + $\underset{37\%}{\text{Compound } (B)}$
The value of $(x)$ in the above reaction is: