What was the contribution of the scientist $T$. $O$. Diener in $1971$?

Assertion $A$: Viroids and viruses can pass through bacteria-proof filters.
Reason $R$: Bacteria are retained by bacteria-proof filters.
Which option is correct for Assertion $A$ and Reason $R$?

What was the contribution of Louis Pasteur regarding the term 'virus'?

Statement $X$: Lichens are composed of two main components. Statement $Y$: In lichens,the phycobiont is the heterotrophic component and the mycobiont is the autotrophic component.

Which is the correct option for the given figures?

Identify the organism shown in the given figure.