Crystalline rocks are a natural source of which biogenetic element?

Which of the following are the essential sources for releasing $CO_{2}$ into the atmosphere?
$I.$ Burning of wood
$II.$ Volcanic activity
$III.$ Combustion of organic matter
$IV.$ Fossil fuels
Choose the correct option.

Which one of the following types of organisms occupy more than one trophic level in a pond ecosystem?

Given below are two statements:
Statement $I$: In an ecosystem,there is a unidirectional flow of energy from the sun through producers to consumers.
Statement $II$: Ecosystems are exempted from the $2^{nd}$ law of thermodynamics.
In the light of the above statements,choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:

Match the following columns correctly:

Column-$I$	Column-$II$
$(i)$ Producers	$(P)$ Primary consumers
$(ii)$ Herbivores	$(Q)$ Net primary productivity
$(iii)$ Carnivores	$(R)$ Primary trophic level
$(iv)$ Top carnivores	$(S)$ Secondary productivity

Match the following columns.

Column-$I$	Column-$II$
$(a)$ Phytoplankton,grass	$(p)$ First trophic level
$(b)$ Man,Lion	$(q)$ Herbivore
$(c)$ Zooplankton,Cow,Grasshopper	$(r)$ Third trophic level
$(d)$ Birds,Wolf	$(s)$ Top carnivore