Hugo de Vries discarded the principle of which of the following scientists while proposing his mutation theory?

Genetic drift does not apply to:

$A$ very important consequence of geographical isolation is ........

Assertion : Natural selection is the outcome of difference in survival and reproduction among individuals that show variation in one or more traits.
Reason : Adaptive forms of a given trait tend to become more common; less adaptive ones become less common or disappear.

Darwinian fitness can be estimated by

In the experiment to isolate streptomycin-resistant mutants using the replica plating technique,which proves that such mutations do not arise as an adaptation,what is required to be used for the replica plating?