Define the term mole.

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(N/A) mole is a fundamental unit in chemistry used to quantify the amount of a substance.
One mole of any substance contains exactly $6.022 \times 10^{23}$ elementary entities,such as atoms,molecules,ions,or electrons.
This constant value is known as Avogadro's number $(N_A)$.

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Verify by calculating that:
$(a)$ $5$ moles of $CO_2$ has a higher mass than $5$ moles of $H_2O$.
$(b)$ $120 \, g$ of calcium and $120 \, g$ of magnesium elements have a mole ratio of $3:5$.

Calculate the molecular mass of the following compounds:
$(i)$ $NH_{4}NO_{3}$
$(ii)$ $H_{2}SO_{4}$
$(iii)$ $Na_{2}CO_{3}$
$(iv)$ $NaOH$
$(v)$ $HNO_{3}$
$(vi)$ $Al_{2}(SO_{4})_{3}$

Differentiate between:
$(i)$ Molar mass and Avogadro's constant.
$(ii)$ Molecular mass and formula unit mass.

Calculate the mass of $20$ water molecules.

What is the difference between a cation and an anion?

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