Define/Explain: Vernalization.

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(N/A) Vernalization is the process where the flowering of a plant is promoted by exposing it to a specific low temperature for a definite period of time. This treatment ensures better and earlier germination of seeds and leads to earlier flowering in the plants that develop from them. It is an artificial method used to shorten the vegetative period of plants.

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It is known that some varieties of wheat are sown in autumn but are harvested around next mid-summer.
$(A)$ What could be the probable reason for this?
$(B)$ What term is used for this promotion of flowering under low temperature?
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