Define/Explain: Endemism.

Which of the following countries is not included in the Scandinavian countries?

The Amazon rainforest is home to more than $...........$ species of invertebrates.

Tropical regions show the greatest level of species richness because:
$A$. Tropical latitudes have remained relatively undisturbed for millions of years,hence more time was available for species diversification.
$B$. Tropical environments are more seasonal.
$C$. More solar energy is available in the tropics.
$D$. Constant environments promote niche specialization.
$E$. Tropical environments are constant and predictable.
Choose the correct answer from the options given below.

$(1)$ More than $\underline A\%$ of the drugs currently sold in the market worldwide are derived from plants.
$(2)$ Although all the biodiversity hotspots put together cover less than $\underline B\%$ of Earth's land area,the number of species they collectively harbour is extremely high,and strict protection of these hotspots could reduce the ongoing mass extinction by almost $\underline C\%$.

Which one of the following pairs of geographical areas show maximum biodiversity in our country?