Describe the model and theory of planetary motions presented in the earliest of times.

(A) The earliest recorded model for planetary motions,proposed by Ptolemy about $2000$ years ago,was a 'geocentric' model in which all celestial objects,including stars,the sun,and the planets,revolved around the earth.
$A$ more elegant model,the 'heliocentric' model,in which the sun was the center around which the planets revolved,was mentioned by the Indian sage and scientist Shri Aryabhatta in his treatise. $A$ thousand years later,Nicholas Copernicus proposed a model in which the planets moved in circles around a fixed central sun. His theory was initially opposed by the church but was supported by the observations of Galileo.
Following Galileo,Tycho Brahe recorded detailed observations of the planets with the naked eye. His compiled data were later analyzed by Johannes Kepler,who formulated three laws of planetary motion. These laws were known to Newton and enabled him to make a great scientific leap in proposing his universal law of gravitation.