Differentiate between metal and non-metal on the basis of their chemical properties.

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(A)
Metal Non-metal
Metals are electropositive. Non-metals are electronegative.
They react with oxygen to form basic oxides. $4Na + O_2 \longrightarrow 2Na_2O$. These typically form ionic bonds. They react with oxygen to form acidic or neutral oxides. $C + O_2 \longrightarrow CO_2$. These typically form covalent bonds.
They react with water to form oxides or hydroxides and hydrogen gas. $2Na + 2H_2O \longrightarrow 2NaOH + H_2 \uparrow$. They generally do not react with water.
They react with dilute acids to form salt and hydrogen gas. $2Na + 2HCl \longrightarrow 2NaCl + H_2 \uparrow$. They do not react with dilute acids as they cannot displace hydrogen.
They act as reducing agents because they easily lose electrons. $Na \longrightarrow Na^+ + e^-$. They act as oxidizing agents because they gain electrons. $Cl_2 + 2e^- \longrightarrow 2Cl^-$.

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Use the table above to answer the following questions about metals $A$,$B$,$C$ and $D$:
$(i)$ Which is the most reactive metal?
$(ii)$ What would you observe if $B$ is added to a solution of Copper $(II)$ sulphate?
$(iii)$ Arrange the metals $A$,$B$,$C$ and $D$ in the order of decreasing reactivity.

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Which gas is produced when dilute hydrochloric acid is added to a reactive metal? Write the chemical reaction when iron reacts with dilute $H_2SO_4$.

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$(ii)$ Show the formation of $Na_{2}O$ and $MgO$ by the transfer of electrons.
$(iii)$ What are the ions present in these compounds?

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