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(N/A) Dominant and RecessiveDominantRecessive$1.$ $A$ dominant factor or allele expresses itself in the presence or absence of a recessive trait.$1.$

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(N/A) Dominant and RecessiveDominantRecessive$1.$ $A$ dominant factor or allele expresses itself in the presence or absence of a recessive trait.$1.$ $A$ recessive trait is able to express itself only in the absence of a dominant trait.$2.$ For example,tall plant,round seed,and violet flower are dominant characters in a pea plant.$2.$ For example,dwarf plant,wrinkled seed,and white flower are recessive traits in a pea plant.$(b)$ Homozygous and HeterozygousHomozygousHeterozygous$1.$ It contains two similar alleles for a particular trait.$1.$ It contains two different alleles for a particular trait.$2.$ Genotype possesses either dominant or recessive alleles,but never both. For example,$RR$ or $rr$.$2.$ Genotype possesses both dominant and recessive alleles. For example,$Rr$.$3.$ It produces only one type of gamete.$3.$ It produces two different kinds of gametes.$(c)$ Monohybrid and DihybridMonohybridDihybrid$1.$ $A$ monohybrid cross involves parents that differ in only one pair of contrasting characters.$1.$ $A$ dihybrid cross involves parents that differ in two pairs of contrasting characters.$2.$ For example,a cross between tall and dwarf pea plants is a monohybrid cross.$2.$ For example,a cross between pea plants having yellow wrinkled seeds and those having green round seeds is a dihybrid cross.

Column $I$	Column $II$
$i$. Monohybrid test cross	$a$. $1:2:1$
$ii$. Incomplete dominance	$b$. $1:2$
$iii$. Law of independent Assortment	$c$. $1:1$
$iv$. Sickle Cell Anaemia	$d$. $9:3:3:1$

Column-$I$	Column-$II$
$(A)$ Dominance	$(1)$ Many genes govern a single character.
$(B)$ Co-dominance	$(2)$ In a heterozygous organism, only one allele expresses itself.
$(C)$ Pleiotropy	$(3)$ In a heterozygous organism, both alleles express themselves fully.
$(D)$ Polygenic inheritance	$(4)$ $A$ single gene influences many characters.

Differentiate between the following:
$(a)$ Dominant and Recessive
$(b)$ Homozygous and Heterozygous
$(c)$ Monohybrid and Dihybrid.

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Dominant	Recessive
$1.$ $A$ dominant factor or allele expresses itself in the presence or absence of a recessive trait.	$1.$ $A$ recessive trait is able to express itself only in the absence of a dominant trait.
$2.$ For example,tall plant,round seed,and violet flower are dominant characters in a pea plant.	$2.$ For example,dwarf plant,wrinkled seed,and white flower are recessive traits in a pea plant.

Homozygous	Heterozygous
$1.$ It contains two similar alleles for a particular trait.	$1.$ It contains two different alleles for a particular trait.
$2.$ Genotype possesses either dominant or recessive alleles,but never both. For example,$RR$ or $rr$.	$2.$ Genotype possesses both dominant and recessive alleles. For example,$Rr$.
$3.$ It produces only one type of gamete.	$3.$ It produces two different kinds of gametes.

Monohybrid	Dihybrid
$1.$ $A$ monohybrid cross involves parents that differ in only one pair of contrasting characters.	$1.$ $A$ dihybrid cross involves parents that differ in two pairs of contrasting characters.
$2.$ For example,a cross between tall and dwarf pea plants is a monohybrid cross.	$2.$ For example,a cross between pea plants having yellow wrinkled seeds and those having green round seeds is a dihybrid cross.

Differentiate between the following:$(a)$ Dominant and Recessive$(b)$ Homozygous and Heterozygous$(c)$ Monohybrid and Dihybrid.