(A) Myelinated and non-myelinated axons
| Myelinated axons | Non-myelinated axons |
| These appear whitish in colour. | These appear greyish in colour. |
| Myelin sheath is present. | Myelin sheath is absent. |
| Nodes of Ranvier are present at intervals. | Nodes of Ranvier are absent. |
| Transmission of nerve impulse is faster. | Transmission of nerve impulse is slower. |
$(b)$ Dendrites and axons
| Dendrites | Axons |
| These conduct impulses towards the cell body. | These conduct impulses away from the cell body. |
| Usually shorter and branched. | Usually longer and single. |
| Dendrites are always non-myelinated. | Axons can be myelinated or non-myelinated. |
$(c)$ Rods and cones
| Rods | Cones |
| Sensitive to dim light (scotopic vision). | Sensitive to bright light (photopic vision). |
| Contain rhodopsin pigment. | Contain iodopsin pigment. |
| Do not perceive colours. | Responsible for colour vision. |
$(d)$ Thalamus and Hypothalamus
| Thalamus | Hypothalamus |
| Major coordinating centre for sensory and motor signalling. | Major centre for regulation of body temperature,thirst,and hunger. |
| Does not secrete hormones. | Secretes releasing and inhibiting hormones. |
$(e)$ Cerebrum and Cerebellum
| Cerebrum | Cerebellum |
| Part of the forebrain. | Part of the hindbrain. |
| Controls voluntary actions and intelligence. | Maintains posture,balance,and equilibrium. |