Digital signal

$A$ transmitting antenna is kept on the surface of the earth. The minimum height of the receiving antenna required to receive the signal in line-of-sight at $4\,km$ distance from it is $x \times 10^{-2}\,m$. The value of $x$ is (Let radius of earth $R = 6400\,km$).

The mathematical form of an $AM$ wave is given by $e = 50 (1 + 0.5 \sin(2\pi \times 5 \times 10^{3} t)) \sin(31.4 \times 10^{6} t) \text{ volts}$. Which of the following frequencies is absent in the given $AM$ wave?

$A$ basic communication system consists of:
$(A)$ Transmitter $(B)$ Information source $(C)$ User of information $(D)$ Channel $(E)$ Receiver
Choose the correct sequence in which these are arranged in a basic communication system.

For sky wave propagation of a $10\, MHz$ signal, what should be the minimum electron density in the ionosphere?

The electron density of the ionospheric layer is $10^{11} \ m^{-3}$. Communication waves of frequency up to $f_c$ $MHz$ will be reflected by the ionospheric layer. Find $f_c$.