An electric generator works on the principle of electromagnetic induction.

Why do iron filings arrange themselves in a certain pattern around a magnet?

$A$ uniform magnetic field is directed vertically upwards. In which direction should an $\alpha$-particle (which is a positively charged particle) be projected in this field so that it is deflected southwards? Name and state the rule used to find the direction in this case.

On which principle does an electric bell work?

$(a)$ Draw magnetic field lines of a bar magnet. "Two magnetic field lines never intersect each other". Why?
$(b)$ An electric oven of $1.5 \, kW$ is operated in a domestic circuit $(220 \, V)$ that has a current rating of $5 \, A$. What result do you expect in this case? Explain.

What is the direction of magnetic field lines inside a bar magnet?