Energy requirement for maintenance of body . . . . . . with successively higher trophic level.

Assertion: Ecosystems are not exempt from the second law of thermodynamics.
Reason: In a food chain,energy flow is bidirectional.

The transfer of energy from one trophic level to another occurs according to the second law of thermodynamics. What is the average efficiency of energy transfer from herbivores to carnivores (in $\%$)?

Which of the following is the source of energy for an ecosystem?

In a terrestrial ecosystem, which type of food chain is the major conduit for energy flow?

Identify the missing link in the following food chain:
Plants $\to$ Insect $\to$ Frog $\to$ $A$ $\to$ Hawk.