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(A) According to Newton's law of universal gravitation,the force between the sun and a planet is given by $F = \frac{G M m}{r^2}$.From this formula,we

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$A$ and $D$ only

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(A) According to Newton's law of universal gravitation,the force between the sun and a planet is given by $F = \frac{G M m}{r^2}$.From this formula,we can conclude that $F \propto \frac{1}{r^2}$,which confirms statement $A$ is correct.Statement $B$ is incorrect because the gravitational force is directly proportional to the product of the masses $(F \propto M m)$,not inversely proportional.Statement $C$ is incorrect because the centripetal force is provided by the gravitational force,which is directed towards the sun,not away from it.Statement $D$ represents Kepler's third law of planetary motion,which states that $T^2 \propto a^3$,where $T$ is the time period and $a$ is the semi-major axis. Thus,statement $D$ is correct.Therefore,statements $A$ and $D$ are correct.

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