Explain the properties of electromagnetic waves.

(N/A) Electromagnetic wave motion is complex in nature. Its key properties are as follows:
$(i)$ The oscillating electric and magnetic fields produced by oscillating charged particles are perpendicular to each other and both are perpendicular to the direction of propagation of the wave.
$(ii)$ Unlike sound waves or water waves,electromagnetic waves do not require a medium and can travel through a vacuum.
$(iii)$ There are many types of electromagnetic radiations,which differ from one another in wavelength $(\lambda)$ or frequency $(\nu)$. These constitute what is called the electromagnetic spectrum:
Radio frequency: $10^{6} \ Hz$ (broadcasting)
Microwave region: $10^{10} \ Hz$ (radar)
Infrared region: $10^{13} \ Hz$ (heating)
Visible light: $10^{15} \ Hz$ (component of sun's radiation)
Ultraviolet region: $10^{16} \ Hz$ (component of sun's radiation)
$(iv)$ These radiations are characterized by properties such as frequency $(\nu)$,wavelength $(\lambda)$,and wavenumber $(\bar{\nu})$.