Explain the action of dilute hydrochloric acid on the following with chemical equations:
$(a)$ Magnesium ribbon
$(b)$ Sodium hydroxide
$(c)$ Crushed egg shells

(N/A) Dilute hydrochloric acid reacts with magnesium to form magnesium chloride and hydrogen gas is liberated.
$Mg(s) + 2HCl(aq) \longrightarrow MgCl_2(aq) + H_2(g)$
$(b)$ The reaction between dilute hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide is a neutralization reaction,forming sodium chloride salt and water.
$NaOH(aq) + HCl(aq) \longrightarrow NaCl(aq) + H_2O(l)$
$(c)$ Egg shells are primarily composed of calcium carbonate $(CaCO_3)$. Dilute hydrochloric acid reacts with calcium carbonate to produce calcium chloride,carbon dioxide gas,and water.
$CaCO_3(s) + 2HCl(aq) \longrightarrow CaCl_2(aq) + CO_2(g) + H_2O(l)$