Explain the study of thermal properties of matter by giving definitions of temperature and heat.

(N/A) Temperature is a relative measure,or indication of hotness or coldness.
$A$ hot utensil is said to have a high temperature and an ice cube is said to have a low temperature.
An object that has a higher temperature than another object is said to be hotter. Hot and cold are relative terms,like tall and short.
We can perceive temperature by touch. However,this temperature sense is somewhat unreliable and its range is too limited to be useful for scientific purposes.
$A$ glass of ice-cold water left on a table on a hot summer day eventually warms up,whereas a cup of hot tea on the same table cools down.
This means that when the temperature of a body (ice-cold water or hot tea in this case) and its surrounding medium are different,heat transfer takes place between the system and the surrounding medium until the body and the surrounding medium are at the same temperature.
In the case of a glass tumbler of ice-cold water,heat flows from the environment to the glass tumbler,whereas in the case of hot tea,it flows from the cup of hot tea to the environment.
Therefore,heat is the form of energy transferred between two (or more) systems or a system and its surroundings by virtue of a temperature difference.
The $SI$ unit of heat energy transferred is expressed in joule $(J)$,while the $SI$ unit of temperature is kelvin $(K)$,and ${ }^{\circ}C$ is a commonly used unit of temperature.