The figure shows plane waves refracted from air to water using Huygens's principle. $a, b, c, d, e$ are lengths on the diagram. The refractive index of water with respect to air is the ratio:

Explain the reflection of a plane wavefront from a concave mirror.

When a point source of light is placed at the focus of a convex lens,light emerges from the lens. What is the shape of the wavefront of the emerging light?

Explain the refraction of a plane wave by a thin prism.

Given below are two statements:
Statement-$I$: $A$ plane wave after passing through a prism remains a plane wave, but passing through a small pinhole may become a spherical wave.
Statement-$II$: The curvature of a spherical wave emerging from a slit will increase for increasing slit width.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer from the options given below.

The following figure represents a wave front $AB$ which passes from air to another transparent medium and produces a new wave front $CD$ after refraction. The refractive index of the medium is $:$ ($PQ$ is the boundary between air and the medium)