Following are a few organisms:
$(a)$ Lichen $(b)$ Mosses $(c)$ Mango tree $(d)$ Cactus
Which among the above can grow on stones and also help in the formation of soil? Write the mode of their action for making soil.

(A AND B) The organisms that can grow on stones and help in the formation of soil are Lichens $(a)$ and Mosses $(b)$.
Mode of action:
$1$. Lichens grow on the surface of rocks and release certain acids (like lichen acids) that chemically weather the rock surface,causing it to break down into smaller particles.
$2$. Mosses grow on the surface of rocks after lichens have created a thin layer of soil. They further break down the rock surface through mechanical and chemical processes,contributing to the accumulation of organic matter and the formation of soil.