For a perfect gas,two pressures $P_{1}$ and $P_{2}$ are shown in the figure. The graph shows:

We have a sample of gas characterized by $P, V$ and $T$ and another sample of gas characterized by $2P, V/4$ and $2T$. What is the ratio of the number of molecules in the first and second samples (in $: 1$)?

$A$ long cylindrical pipe of radius $20 \,cm$ is closed at its upper end and has an airtight piston of negligible mass as shown. When a $50 \,kg$ mass is attached to the piston,it moves down. If the air in the enclosure is cooled from temperature $T$ to $T-\Delta T$,the piston moves back to its original position. Then $\Delta T / T$ is close to (Assuming air to be an ideal gas,$g=10 \,m/s^2$,atmospheric pressure is $10^5 \,Pa$)

$A$ vertical closed cylinder is separated into two parts by a frictionless piston of mass $m$ and of negligible thickness. The piston is free to move along the length of the cylinder. The length of the cylinder above the piston is $l_1,$ and that below the piston is $l_2,$ such that $l_1 > l_2.$ Each part of the cylinder contains $n$ moles of an ideal gas at equal temperature $T.$ If the piston is stationary,its mass $m$ will be given by: ($R$ is the universal gas constant and $g$ is the acceleration due to gravity)

Find the value of the universal gas constant $R$ in $J \ mol^{-1} K^{-1}$.

From the following $P-T$ graph,what inference can be drawn?