For which one of the following reactions is the entropy change positive?

  • A
    $H_{2(g)} + \frac{1}{2} O_{2(g)} \longrightarrow H_2O_{(l)}$
  • B
    $Na^+_{(g)} + Cl^-_{(g)} \longrightarrow NaCl_{(s)}$
  • C
    $NaCl_{(l)} \longrightarrow NaCl_{(s)}$
  • D
    $H_2O_{(l)} \longrightarrow H_2O_{(g)}$

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Calculate the entropy change in the surroundings when $1.00 \ mol$ of $H_2O_{(l)}$ is formed under standard conditions. Given: $\Delta_f H^{\theta} = -286 \ kJ \ mol^{-1}$.

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Explain entropy and spontaneity.

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