| Gymnosperms | Angiosperms |
| $(1)$ Seeds are naked and not enclosed by an ovary wall. | $(1)$ Seeds are enclosed within fruits (ovary wall). |
| $(2)$ They exhibit single fertilization. | $(2)$ They exhibit double fertilization. |
| $(3)$ They lack true flowers; reproductive structures are cones or strobili. | $(3)$ They possess true flowers with petals and sepals. |
| $(4)$ Endosperm is haploid $(n)$ and formed before fertilization. | $(4)$ Endosperm is triploid $(3n)$ and formed after fertilization. |
| $(5)$ Xylem lacks vessels (except Gnetales) and phloem lacks companion cells. | $(5)$ Xylem contains vessels and phloem contains companion cells. |
| $(6)$ Pollination is primarily anemophilous (wind). | $(6)$ Pollination occurs via various agents like wind,water,insects,and animals. |
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| Column $I$ | Column $II$ |
| $(A)$ Peritrichous flagellation | $(J)$ $Ginkgo$ |
| $(B)$ Living fossil | $(K)$ $Macrocystis$ |
| $(C)$ Rhizophore | $(L)$ $Escherichia \text{ } coli$ |
| $(D)$ Smallest flowering plant | $(N)$ $Wolffia$ |
| $(E)$ Largest perennial alga | $(M)$ $Selaginella$ |
| Column-$I$ | Column-$II$ |
| $A$. Thalamiflorae | $p$. $6$ |
| $B$. Disciflorae | $q$. $4$ |
| $C$. Calyciflorae | $r$. $5$ |
| $D$. Inferae | $s$. $3$ |
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