Give signs used for floral formula.

Along the $x$-axis,three charges $\frac{q}{2}, -q$ and $\frac{q}{2}$ are placed at $x=0, x=a$ and $x=2a$ respectively. The resultant electric potential at a point $P$ located at a distance $r$ from the charge $-q$ (where $r > a$) is ($\varepsilon_0$ is the permittivity of free space):

Among the following ions,which one has the highest paramagnetism?

Amongst $LiCl, RbCl, BeCl_2$ and $MgCl_2$,the compounds with the greatest and least ionic character respectively are:

Using the Trapezoidal rule,find the approximate value of $\int_1^4 y \, dx$ based on the following table:

$x$	$1$	$2$	$3$	$4$
$y$	$0.7111$	$0.7222$	$0.7333$	$0.7444$

(in $.1833$)

$A$ charge $Q$ is enclosed by a Gaussian spherical surface of radius $R$. If the radius is doubled,then the outward electric flux will