How do substances like $CO_2$ and water move in and out of the cell? Discuss.

(N/A) Substances like $CO_2$ move in and out of the cell through the process of diffusion. When $CO_2$ accumulates in high concentration inside the cell,a concentration gradient is created between the internal and external environment. $CO_2$ moves from a region of high concentration to a region of low concentration outside the cell via diffusion. Similarly,water moves in and out of the cell through a specialized process called osmosis,which is the movement of water molecules from a region of higher water concentration to a region of lower water concentration through a selectively permeable membrane.