Identify the product $X$ in the following reaction.
$CH_3COCl \xrightarrow{H_2O} X$

Identify compound $A$ in the following reaction.
$R-Mg-X + A$ $\xrightarrow{\text{dry ether}} R-COOMgX$ $\xrightarrow[\text{dil } HCl]{H_2O} R-COOH + Mg(X)OH$

Give the reaction methods to prepare carboxylic acid from amide compounds.

What is the name of the reaction: $CH_3-CH=CH_2 \xrightarrow{CO + H_2O, H^+} CH_3-CH(COOH)-CH_3$?

Which reaction is suitable for the preparation of $\alpha$-chloroacetic acid?

An alkyl bromide $X$ $(C_5H_{11}Br)$ undergoes hydrolysis in a two-step mechanism. $X$ is converted to a Grignard reagent and then reacted with $CO_2$ in dry ether followed by acidification to give $Y$. What is $Y$?