If Henle's loop were absent from mammalian nephron,which of the following is to be expected?

Two gaseous equilibria $SO_{2(g)} + \frac{1}{2} O_{2(g)} \rightleftharpoons SO_{3(g)}$ and $2 SO_{3(g)} \rightleftharpoons 2 SO_{2(g)} + O_{2(g)}$ have equilibrium constants $K_{1}$ and $K_{2}$ respectively at $298 \ K$. Which of the following relationships between $K_{1}$ and $K_{2}$ is correct?

Match the items given in Column $I$ with those in Column $II$ and select the correct option given below:

Column $I$	Column $II$
$(a)$ Tidal volume	$(i)$ $2500 - 3000 \ mL$
$(b)$ Inspiratory Reserve volume	$(ii)$ $1100 - 1200 \ mL$
$(c)$ Expiratory Reserve volume	$(iii)$ $500 - 550 \ mL$
$(d)$ Residual volume	$(iv)$ $1000 - 1100 \ mL$

If $\overrightarrow{a}+\overrightarrow{b}+\overrightarrow{c}=\overrightarrow{0}$ and $|\overrightarrow{a}|=3, |\overrightarrow{b}|=4$ and $|\overrightarrow{c}|=\sqrt{37}$,then the angle between $\overrightarrow{a}$ and $\overrightarrow{b}$ is:

From the following thermochemical equations,find out the heat of ionisation $Z$ for a weak acid $HA$:
$HA \to A^{-} + H^{+}$,$\Delta H = Z$
$H^{+} + OH^{-} \to H_2O$,$\Delta H = X$
$HA + OH^{-} \to A^{-} + H_2O$,$\Delta H = Y$

If $\int e^x \left( \frac{1-\sin x}{1-\cos x} \right) dx = f(x) + \text{constant}$,then $f(x)$ is equal to