Illustrate the differences between the mechanism of action of a protein and a steroid hormone.
(N/A) The differences between the mechanism of action of protein hormones and steroid hormones are as follows:
| Protein Hormone Mechanism | Steroid Hormone Mechanism |
|---|---|
| $(1)$ These hormones bind to specific receptors located on the surface of the plasma membrane. | $(1)$ These hormones are lipid-soluble and pass through the plasma membrane to bind with intracellular receptors. |
| $(2)$ They generate secondary messengers such as $cAMP$ or $Ca^{2+}$ to trigger cellular responses. | $(2)$ The hormone-receptor complex directly interacts with the genome to regulate gene expression. |
| $(3)$ They typically regulate cellular metabolism and physiological activities through a cascade of biochemical reactions. | $(3)$ They primarily regulate physiological processes like growth and development by controlling protein synthesis. |
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