In cold countries,water pipes sometimes burst,because

$Assertion :$ In the pressure-temperature $(P-T)$ phase diagram of water,the slope of the melting curve is found to be negative.
$Reason :$ Ice contracts on melting to water.

The figure shows a glass tube (linear coefficient of expansion is $\alpha$) completely filled with a liquid of volume expansion coefficient $\gamma$. On heating,the length of the liquid column does not change. Choose the correct relation between $\gamma$ and $\alpha$.

One $kg$ of water, at $20, ^oC$, is heated in an electric kettle whose heating element has a mean (temperature averaged) resistance of $20, \Omega$. The rms voltage in the mains is $200, V$. Ignoring heat loss from the kettle, the time taken for water to evaporate fully is close to.......... $min$. [Specific heat of water $= 4200, J/kg, ^oC$, Latent heat of water $= 2260, kJ/kg$]

In the given triple point curve as shown in the figure,the curves $AO$,$BO$,and $CO$ represent:

Calculate the heat required to convert $3 \; kg$ of ice at $-12 \; ^{\circ}C$ kept in a calorimeter to steam at $100 \; ^{\circ}C$ at atmospheric pressure. Given: specific heat capacity of ice $= 2100 \; J \; kg^{-1} \; K^{-1}$,specific heat capacity of water $= 4186 \; J \; kg^{-1} \; K^{-1}$,latent heat of fusion of ice $= 3.35 \times 10^{5} \; J \; kg^{-1}$,and latent heat of steam $= 2.256 \times 10^{6} \; J \; kg^{-1}$.