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(B) $\beta$-thalassaemia major is also known as Cooley's Anemia.Thalassaemia is of two major kinds: $\alpha$-thalassaemia and $\beta$-thalassaemia,dep

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$\beta$-globin chain

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(B) $\beta$-thalassaemia major is also known as Cooley's Anemia.Thalassaemia is of two major kinds: $\alpha$-thalassaemia and $\beta$-thalassaemia,depending on the defective gene in the $\alpha$ or $\beta$-chain of haemoglobin.Key characteristics of Thalassaemia:$(i)$ It is an autosome-linked recessive disease.$(ii)$ It occurs due to either mutation or deletion,resulting in a reduced rate of synthesis of one of the globin chains of haemoglobin.$(iii)$ Anaemia is the characteristic symptom of this disease.$(iv)$ $\alpha$-thalassaemia: Production of $\alpha$-globin chain is affected. It is controlled by the closely linked genes $HBA1$ and $HBA2$ on chromosome $16$.$(v)$ $\beta$-thalassaemia: Production of $\beta$-globin chain is affected. It occurs due to mutation of one or both $HBB$ genes on chromosome $11$.

Column $I$	Column $II$
$(a)$ Sickle cell anaemia	$(x)$ Homogentisic acid
$(b)$ Alkaptonuria	$(y)$ Melanin pigments are absent
$(c)$ Albinism	$(z)$ More amount of phenylalanine
$(d)$ Phenylketonuria	$(w)$ Defective haemoglobin

In Cooley's Anemia,the affected chain of a haemoglobin is

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