In the Hardy-Weinberg principle,the expressio | vedclass

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(D) The Hardy-Weinberg principle states that the allele frequencies in a population are stable and remain constant from generation to generation.For a

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Both $(b)$ and $(c)$

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(D) The Hardy-Weinberg principle states that the allele frequencies in a population are stable and remain constant from generation to generation.For a gene with two alleles,$p$ and $q$,the sum of the frequencies is $p + q = 1$.The expansion of this equation is $(p + q)^{2} = p^{2} + 2pq + q^{2} = 1$.Here,$p^{2}$ represents the frequency of homozygous dominant individuals,$2pq$ represents the frequency of heterozygous individuals,and $q^{2}$ represents the frequency of homozygous recessive individuals.Both expressions $(p + q)^{2} = 1$ and $p^{2} + 2pq + q^{2} = 1$ are mathematically equivalent and represent the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium.

In the Hardy-Weinberg principle,the expression of allele frequency is represented by:

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