In the ornithine cycle,the enzyme arginase breaks down arginine into:

The first step in the urine formation is the filtration of the blood,which is carried by the ...$A$... and is called ...$B$.... On an average ...$C$... $mL$ of blood is filtered by the kidneys per minute,which constitutes ...$D$... of the blood pumped out by each ventricle of the heart in a minute. Choose the correct options for the blanks $A$ to $D$ to complete the given $NCERT$ statement.

The difference between glomerular filtrate and blood plasma is of:

Which of the following defines the net filtration pressure $(NFP)$?

Layers between the glomerular and Bowman's capsule through which the filtration takes place are:
$I.$ Endothelium of the glomerular blood vessel
$II.$ Middle lamella
$III.$ Basement membrane between the endothelium of glomerular blood vessels and epithelium of the Bowman's capsule
$IV.$ Epithelium of the Bowman's capsule

The glomerular filtrate contains