In $Riccia$ / Bryophytes:

$A.$ In mosses,vegetative reproduction occurs by budding.
$R.$ In mosses,the spore-producing sporophyte stage is responsible for asexual reproduction.

The aquatic ancestry of bryophytes is best demonstrated by:

Read the given statements and choose the correct option:
Statement $I$: Gemmae are green unicellular sexual buds which develop in receptacles called gemma cups.
Statement $II$: Protonema develops directly from a spore.

Protonema is found in the life cycle of

The plant body in higher plants is well differentiated and well developed. Roots are the organs used for the purpose of absorption. What is the equivalent of roots in the less developed lower plants?