In the $lac$ operon model,lactose molecules function as:

Transposons can be used in which of the following processes?

An organism is able to survive on a culture medium containing nutrient $A$ through an enzyme-catalyzed process: $A \xrightarrow{X} B \xrightarrow{Y} C$. $A$ mutant organism fails to survive on this medium. However,it grows when nutrient $B$ is added to the medium. Which gene of this mutant is defective?

Select two correct statements from the four $(a-d)$ given below regarding the $lac$ operon.
$(A)$ Glucose or galactose may bind with the repressor gene and induce inactivity.
$(B)$ In the absence of lactose,the repressor binds with the operator region.
$(C)$ The $z$-gene codes for permease.
$(D)$ This was elucidated by Francois Jacob and Jacques Monod.
Which of the following are the correct statements?

Explain the contribution of the scientists: François Jacob and Jacques Monod.

In the $lac$ operon,the structural genes are switched off when: