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(D) The diode $D$ is in a half-wave rectifier configuration.During the positive half-cycle of the input voltage $v_i$, the diode is forward-biased and

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(D) The diode $D$ is in a half-wave rectifier configuration.During the positive half-cycle of the input voltage $v_i$, the diode is forward-biased and acts as a short circuit (assuming an ideal diode), so the voltage drop across it is $v_D = 0$.During the negative half-cycle, the diode is reverse-biased and acts as an open circuit, meaning no current flows through the resistor $R$. Consequently, the entire input voltage $v_i$ appears across the diode $D$, so $v_D = v_i$.Therefore, the voltage across the diode $D$ follows the input wave only during the negative half-cycle, which corresponds to the waveform shown in option $D$.

In the circuit shown below, the voltage appearing across the diode $D$ will be of the form:

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