In the following resonance structures,the curved arrow indicates that electrons are shifted from:

Match the following electronic effects in List-$I$ with their corresponding examples or representations in List-$II$.

List-$I$	List-$II$
$(A)$ Resonance	$(I)$ $C=C + H^+ \rightarrow C^+-C-H$
$(B)$ Inductive effect	$(II)$ $H-CH_2-CH_2^+ \leftrightarrow H-CH_2=CH_2^+$
$(C)$ Electromeric effect	$(III)$ $C_6H_6$
$(D)$ Hyperconjugation	$(IV)$ $CH_3-Z \rightarrow CH_3^- + Z^+$
	$(V)$ $CH_3-CH_2-CH_2Cl$

Which one of the nitrogen atoms in $H_2N-NH-CO-NH_2$ (where the atoms are labeled $I, II, III$ as shown in the structure) is the most nucleophilic?

The correct order for the rate of decarboxylation of the following compounds with sodalime will be:

Fill in the blanks:
$(1)$ In $+E$ effect,$\pi$ electrons from a multiple bond migrate to the ........... .
$(2)$ In $-E$ effect,$\pi$ electrons from a multiple bond migrate to the ........... .
$(3)$ ........... and ........... increase stability.
$(4)$ ........... inductive effect increases the acidic strength and ........... inductive effect decreases the strength of $-COOH$.

Which of the following structures possesses a cross-conjugated system?