In the hysteresis cycle,the value of $H$ needed to make the intensity of magnetisation zero is called

The area of the hysteresis loop of a substance indicates:

The figure illustrates how $B$,the magnetic flux density inside a sample of unmagnetised ferromagnetic material,varies with $B_0$,the external magnetic flux density in which the sample is kept. For the sample to be suitable for making a permanent magnet:

Answer the following questions:
$(a)$ Explain qualitatively on the basis of the domain picture the irreversibility in the magnetisation curve of a ferromagnet.
$(b)$ The hysteresis loop of a soft iron piece has a much smaller area than that of a carbon steel piece. If the material is to go through repeated cycles of magnetisation,which piece will dissipate greater heat energy?
$(c)$ '$A$ system displaying a hysteresis loop such as a ferromagnet,is a device for storing memory?' Explain the meaning of this statement.
$(d)$ What kind of ferromagnetic material is used for coating magnetic tapes in a cassette player,or for building 'memory stores' in a modern computer?
$(e)$ $A$ certain region of space is to be shielded from magnetic fields. Suggest a method.

$A$ bar magnet has a coercivity of $4 \times 10^3 \, A \, m^{-1}$. It is desired to demagnetize it by inserting it inside a solenoid $12 \, cm$ long and having $60$ turns. The current that should be sent through the solenoid is . . . . . . $A$.

The coercivity of a small magnet where the ferromagnet gets demagnetized is $3 \times 10^3 \ Am^{-1}$. The current required to be passed in a solenoid of length $10 \ cm$ and number of turns $100$,so that the magnet gets demagnetized when inside the solenoid,is: