In the reaction sequence,$C_2H_5Cl + KCN$ $\xrightarrow{C_2H_5OH} X$ $\xrightarrow{H_3O^{\oplus}, \Delta} Y$. What is the molecular formula of $Y$?

An alkyl bromide $X$ $(C_5H_{11}Br)$ undergoes hydrolysis in a two-step mechanism. $X$ is converted to a Grignard reagent and then reacted with $CO_2$ in dry ether followed by acidification to give $Y$. What is $Y$?

Write a method of preparation for carboxylic acid from the oxidation of primary alcohol and aldehyde compounds.

Identify product $C$ in the following conversion sequence: $m$-Hydroxybenzaldehyde $\xrightarrow[\text{Protection of } -OH \text{ group}]{C_6H_5CH_2Cl} A$ $\xrightarrow{[O]} B$ $\xrightarrow{\text{deprotection}} C$.

In the reaction $CH_3CN \xrightarrow{H_3O^+, \text{heat}} CH_3COOH$,what is the change in the hybridization state of the functional carbon atom?

When alkyl cyanides are hydrolysed to the corresponding carboxylic acids,the gas evolved is: