In the relation $F = G \frac{Mm}{d^2}$,the quantity $G$:

State two factors on which the value of $g$ depends.

$(i)$ Why is Newton's law of gravitation called the universal law?
$(ii)$ What is the significance of this law in nature?

If the earth stops rotating,the value of '$g$' at the equator will:

What happens to the gravitational force between two objects,if
$(a)$ the mass of one object is doubled?
$(b)$ the distance between the objects is doubled?
$(c)$ the masses of both the objects are doubled? Give reason in each case.

The mass of the planet Jupiter is $1.9 \times 10^{27} \, kg$ and that of the Sun is $1.99 \times 10^{30} \, kg$. The mean distance of the Sun from Jupiter is $7.8 \times 10^{11} \, m$. Calculate the gravitational force which the Sun exerts on Jupiter.