India is a country where three-fourths of the population is engaged in agriculture. Even though the financial conditions of some farmers allow them to adopt higher-level farming practices and improved agricultural technology,they are hesitant to use $HYV$ seeds with traits such as resistance to diseases and pests,or qualities that would result in higher yields.
$(a)$ What is meant by genetically modified crops?
$(b)$ What are the desired agronomic characters for fodder and cereal crops?
$(c)$ In your opinion,what should be done so that modern agricultural technology is adopted by most farmers?

(N/A) Crops that have been modified to obtain desirable traits by introducing a gene that controls the desired characteristics are called genetically modified crops.
$(b)$ Tallness and profuse branching are desirable characters for fodder crops. Dwarfness is desired in cereals so that fewer nutrients are consumed by these crops,leading to higher grain production.
$(c)$ To ensure modern agricultural technology is adopted by most farmers:
$(i)$ Spread awareness through seminars conducted by agricultural scientists regarding the benefits of modern technology.
$(ii)$ Provide easy access and subsidies for the use of $HYV$ (High Yielding Varieties) seeds.
$(iii)$ Promote sustainable development by utilizing natural resources in a judicious manner,avoiding overexploitation,and preventing environmental pollution.