(C) The kinetic theory of gases was primarily developed by James Clerk Maxwell and Ludwig Boltzmann in the $19^{th}$ century.This theory is based on a

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(C) The kinetic theory of gases was primarily developed by James Clerk Maxwell and Ludwig Boltzmann in the $19^{th}$ century.This theory is based on a simplified molecular or particle description of a gas,from which many macroscopic properties of the gas can be derived.Therefore,the correct choice is option-$C$.