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(A) Lamarck's theory is known as the Theory of Inheritance of Acquired Characters. Lamarckism includes four main factors:$(i)$ Internal Vital Force: A

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Theory of acquired characters

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(A) Lamarck's theory is known as the Theory of Inheritance of Acquired Characters. Lamarckism includes four main factors:$(i)$ Internal Vital Force: All living things and their component parts are continually increased due to an internal vital force.$(ii)$ Effect of Environment and New Needs: The environment influences all types of organisms. Any change in the environment brings about changes in organisms,which gives rise to new needs.$(iii)$ Use and Disuse of Organs: If an organ is constantly used,it becomes better developed,whereas the disuse of an organ results in its degeneration.$(iv)$ Inheritance of Acquired Characters: Whatever characters an individual acquires during its lifetime due to internal vital forces,environmental effects,new needs,and the use or disuse of organs,are inherited (transmitted) to the next generations. After several generations,these variations accumulate to such an extent that they give rise to new species.Objections to Lamarck's Theory:$(i)$ Piercing of the pinna (external ear) and nose in women is never inherited by the next generation.$(ii)$ $A$ wrestler's powerful muscles are not transmitted to their offspring.$(iii)$ European ladies wore tight waist garments to keep their waists slender,but their offspring at the time of birth always had normal waists.$(iv)$ Chinese women used to wear iron shoes to have small feet,but their children at the time of birth always had normal feet.

Lamarck's theory of evolution is also known as

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