The most common asexual structure produced in algae is:

Identify the algae given below.

$100$ zygospores,alternating with empty cells in Spirogyra,are formed under ................. conjugation and the total number of daughter filaments formed will be ..........................

Chlorophyll $e$ is generally present in:

From which of the following algae,agar-agar is commercially extracted?
$I.$ Gracilaria $II.$ Fucus $III.$ Sargassum $IV.$ Gelidium $V.$ Turbinaria

Which plant group is considered 'thalloid' (lacking true roots, stems, and leaves)?