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(C) Transition metals are characterized by the following properties:$I$: They exhibit variable oxidation states due to the participation of $(n-1)d$ a

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$I, II, IV$ are correct

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(C) Transition metals are characterized by the following properties:$I$: They exhibit variable oxidation states due to the participation of $(n-1)d$ and $ns$ electrons in bonding.$II$: They form coloured ions in solution due to $d-d$ transitions.$IV$: They act as effective catalysts due to their ability to adopt multiple oxidation states and provide a large surface area for adsorption.However,statement $III$ is incorrect because most transition metals do not burn vigorously in oxygen; they typically form stable oxide layers on their surfaces (passivation) or react slowly under standard conditions.Therefore,statements $I, II,$ and $IV$ are correct.

Most transition metals exhibit several characteristic properties. Which of the following statements are correct?
$I$: Form sets of compounds which display different oxidation states of the metal.
$II$: Form coloured ions in solution.
$III$: Burn vigorously in oxygen.
$IV$: Act as catalysts.

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Most transition metals exhibit several characteristic properties. Which of the following statements are correct?$I$: Form sets of compounds which display different oxidation states of the metal.$II$: Form coloured ions in solution.$III$: Burn vigorously in oxygen.$IV$: Act as catalysts.