Obtain the differential equation of forced oscillation.

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(N/A) To sustain oscillations in a system,an external periodic force is applied,given by:
$F(t) = F_{0} \cos \omega_{d} t$
where $F_{0}$ is the amplitude and $\omega_{d}$ is the angular frequency of the driving force.
Three forces act on the oscillator:
$(1)$ Restoring force: $F_{r} = -k x(t)$
$(2)$ Resistive (damping) force: $F_{s} = -b v(t) = -b \frac{dx}{dt}$
$(3)$ External periodic force: $F_{d} = F_{0} \cos \omega_{d} t$
According to Newton's second law of motion,the net force is $F_{net} = ma(t) = m \frac{d^{2}x}{dt^{2}}$.
Thus,$m \frac{d^{2}x}{dt^{2}} = F_{r} + F_{s} + F_{d}$
$m \frac{d^{2}x}{dt^{2}} = -kx - b \frac{dx}{dt} + F_{0} \cos \omega_{d} t$
Rearranging the terms,we get the differential equation of forced oscillation:
$m \frac{d^{2}x}{dt^{2}} + b \frac{dx}{dt} + kx = F_{0} \cos \omega_{d} t$
Dividing by mass $m$,we obtain:
$\frac{d^{2}x}{dt^{2}} + \frac{b}{m} \frac{dx}{dt} + \frac{k}{m} x = \frac{F_{0}}{m} \cos \omega_{d} t$

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$Assertion :$ Resonance is a special case of forced vibration in which the natural frequency of vibration of the body is the same as the impressed frequency of external periodic force and the amplitude of forced vibration is maximum.
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