On a clear sunny day,an object at temperature $T$ is placed on the top of a high mountain. An identical object at the same temperature is placed at the foot of the mountain. If both the objects are exposed to sun-rays for two hours in an identical manner,the object at the top of the mountain will register a temperature

Fill in the blanks:
$(a)$ $0.49 \frac{\text{cal}}{\text{cm} \cdot \text{K} \cdot \text{s}} = \dots \frac{\text{J}}{\text{m} \cdot \text{K} \cdot \text{s}}$
$(b)$ If the rate of emission of heat of a substance is less than its rate of absorption,then its temperature $\dots$.
$(c)$ The rate of emission of heat of a substance is directly proportional to $\dots$ of temperature of it and surroundings.

Heat loss takes place from a body maintained at a temperature of $400^{\circ} C$ to the surrounding air at $30^{\circ} C$ by convection and to the surrounding surfaces at $30^{\circ} C$ by radiation. The Newton's cooling coefficient is $20 \ W / m^2 \ K$ and the Stefan-Boltzmann constant is $5.67 \times 10^{-8} \ W / m^2 \ K^4$. If the rate of heat loss by convection is equal to the rate of heat loss by radiation, the emissivity of the body surface is

The ends of a metal bar of constant cross-sectional area are maintained at temperatures $T_1$ and $T_2$ which are both higher than the temperature of the surroundings. If the bar is unlagged,which one of the following sketches best represents the variation of temperature with distance along the bar?

In the variable state,the rate of flow of heat is controlled by

$A$ cylinder of radius $R$ made of a material of thermal conductivity $K_1$ is surrounded by a cylindrical shell of inner radius $R$ and outer radius $2R$ made of material of thermal conductivity $K_2$. The two ends of the combined system are maintained at two different temperatures. There is no loss of heat across the cylindrical surface and the system is in steady state. The effective thermal conductivity of the system is