Order of acidic nature

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Question

(C) The acidic strength of phenols depends on the stability of the phenoxide ion formed after the loss of a proton. Electron-withdrawing groups $(-EWG

Vedclass · Accepted Answer

$a > b > d > c$

Vedclass · Answer

(C) The acidic strength of phenols depends on the stability of the phenoxide ion formed after the loss of a proton. Electron-withdrawing groups $(-EWG)$ increase acidity,while electron-donating groups $(-EDG)$ decrease it.$(a)$ $p$-Nitrophenol: The $-NO_2$ group at the para position exerts a strong $-M$ (mesomeric) and $-I$ (inductive) effect,significantly stabilizing the phenoxide ion.$(b)$ $o$-Nitrophenol: The $-NO_2$ group at the ortho position exerts $-M$ and $-I$ effects,but also forms an intramolecular hydrogen bond with the $-OH$ group,which stabilizes the neutral molecule and makes the release of $H^+$ slightly less favorable compared to $p$-nitrophenol.$(d)$ Phenol: Has no substituent.$(c)$ $p$-Cresol: The $-CH_3$ group at the para position exerts a $+I$ and $+H$ (hyperconjugation) effect,which destabilizes the phenoxide ion,making it the least acidic.Thus,the correct order of acidic strength is $p$-nitrophenol $(a) > o$-nitrophenol $(b) >$ phenol $(d) > p$-cresol $(c)$.Therefore,the correct option is $C$.

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