Out of the following outer electronic configurations of atoms, the highest oxidation state is achieved by which one?

  • A
    $(n-1) d^8 n s^2$
  • B
    $(n-1) d^5 n s^2$
  • C
    $(n-1) d^3 n s^2$
  • D
    $(n-1) d^5 n s^1$

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For $M^{2+} / M$ and $M^{3+} / M^{2+}$ systems,the ${E^{\Theta}}$ values for some metals are as follows:
$Cr^{2+} / Cr : -0.9 \ V$
$Cr^{3+} / Cr^{2+} : -0.4 \ V$
$Mn^{2+} / Mn : -1.2 \ V$
$Mn^{3+} / Mn^{2+} : +1.5 \ V$
$Fe^{2+} / Fe : -0.4 \ V$
$Fe^{3+} / Fe^{2+} : +0.8 \ V$
Use this data to comment upon:
$(i)$ The stability of $Fe^{3+}$ in acid solution as compared to that of $Cr^{3+}$ or $Mn^{3+}$ and
$(ii)$ The ease with which iron can be oxidised as compared to a similar process for either chromium or manganese metal.

Although Zirconium $(Zr)$ belongs to the $4d$-transition series and Hafnium $(Hf)$ belongs to the $5d$-transition series, they show similar physical and chemical properties because . . . . . . .

The transition metal with the highest melting point is:

In which of the following pairs are both the ions coloured in aqueous solution?
(At. no. $:$ $Sc = 21, Ti = 22, Ni = 28, Cu = 29, Co = 27$)

The "spin-only" magnetic moment [ in units of Bohr magneton,$(\mu_B)$ ] of $Ni^{2+}$ in aqueous solution would be (At. No. $Ni = 28$).

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