The phenomenon which converts light energy into chemical energy is:

Read the following four statements ($a, b, c,$ and $d$) carefully and select the option that includes both correct statements.
$(A)$ The $Z$-scheme of light reaction occurs only in the presence of $PSI$.
$(B)$ Only $PSI$ is functional in cyclic photophosphorylation.
$(C)$ Cyclic photophosphorylation results in the synthesis of $ATP$ and $NADPH_2$.
$(D)$ Stroma lamellae lack both $PS-II$ and $NADP$ reductase $(FNR)$.

Match List-$I$ with List-$II$:

List-$I$	List-$II$
$a.$ $3$-carbon organic acid	$I.$ Product of light reaction
$b.$ $\text{ATP}$ and $\text{NADPH}$	$II.$ Reactants of dark reaction
$c.$ $\text{CO}_2$	$III.$ First $\text{CO}_2$ fixation product in dark reaction
$d.$ Oxaloacetic acid	$IV.$ First product of $\text{CO}_2$ fixation in the $C_4$ pathway

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

Which of the following statements is incorrect?

Which one of the following categories of organisms does not evolve oxygen during photosynthesis?

$A$ small mesophytic twig with green leaves is dipped into water in a big beaker under sunlight. It demonstrates